Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Patients  with multiple sclerosis (MS) may be at an increased risk of fracture due to a greater risk of falling and decreased bone mineral density, when compared with the general population. This study was designed to estimate the relative and absolute risk of fracture in patients with MS.

METHODS:

We conducted a population-based cohort study using data from the UK General Practice Research Database linked to the national hospital registry (1997-2008). Incident MS patients (5,565 cases) were matched 1:6 by year of birth, sex and practice to patients without MS (controls). Cox proportional hazards models were used to derive adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for fracture associated with MS. Time-dependent adjustments were made for age, co-morbidity and drug use. Absolute 5- and 10-year risks of fracture were estimated for MS patients as a function of age.

RESULTS:

Compared with controls, MS  patients had an almost 3-fold increased risk of hip fracture (HR 2.79 (95% CI 1.83-4.26)) and a risk of osteoporotic fracture that was increased 1.4-fold (HR 1.35 (95% CI 1.13-1.62)). Risk was greater in patients who had been prescribed oral/i.v. glucocorticoids (GCs; HR 1.85 (95% CI 1.14-2.98)) or antidepressants (HR 1.79 (95% CI 1.37-2.35)) in the previous 6 months. Absolute fracture risks were low in younger MS patients, but became substantial when patients were older than 60 years.

CONCLUSION:

MS is associated with an increased risk of fracture. Fracture risk assessment may be indicated in patients with MS, especially those prescribed GCs or antidepressants.

Copyright © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

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